-- SORD m.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------
Úvod
****
Tato prirucka obsahuje informace, ktere je potreba znat pri praci s pocitacem
SORD M5. Je zde obsazeno nekolik informaci o systemu ( usporadani pameti, beh
systemu, chyby a podobne ), ruzne tabulky, informace o zaznamu dat na magneto-
fon a o mikroprocesoru Z80.
Pridavne pameti
***************
Nize popisovany modul 64KBF je typ pameti 64 KB RAM, ktery v sobe obsahuje
oproti stavajici nejrozsirenejsi "sedesatctyrce" take jazyk BASIC-F. Velkou
vyhodou tohoto modulu je moznost prace v osmi ruznych rezimech, zatim co 64KBI
nabizi pouze rezim 32/48/56 nebo 64 kB RAM + povoleni/zakaz zapisu do dolnich
28 kB RAM, pricemz programove lze ovladat pouze rezim 48/56 kB RAM. V modulu
64KBF je dale oddelen zapis od cteni. Prakticky to znamena, ze mozne ukladat
data primo do pameti RAM, ktera je zastinena prave aktivni pameti ROM, oproti
modulu 64KBI kde je nutne nejprve ROM odpojit a pak teprve je mozny zapis.
Dalsi uvedena pamet 64KRD a 64KRX je vpodstate rozsirujici deska, na ktere je
512KB RAM DISK, 56 nebo 88 KB ROM DISK a 64KB RAM. KRD a KRX se od sebe lisi
pouze obsazenim ROM DISKu.
Programove ovladani pameti 64KB RAM
===================================
EM-64, 64KBI: OUT 6CH,00H - pripoji ROM
OUT 6CH,01H - pripoji RAM
64KBF: OUT 30H,00000xxxB - pripoji RAM nebo ROM, viz nize
64KRD, 64KRX: OUT 7FH,00000000B - pripoji RAM
OUT 7FH,11111111B - pripoji ROM
OUT 7FH,xxxxxxxxB - pripoji RAM i ROM, viz nize
Cinnost M5 pri startu systemu
*****************************
Po zapnuti nebo po restartu pocitace se spusti od adresy 0000 program ve stro-
jovem kodu, ktery je ulozen v tzv. MONITORu ROM. Tento program je zakladnim
programovym vybavenim pocitace. Je dlouhy 8kB a nelze jej bez uprav provozovat
v pameti RAM, do ktere je povolen zapis. Je to zpusobeno tim, ze MONITOR pro-
vadi test RAM, pri kterem nutne musi nastat okamzik, kdy prepise prave prova-
denou instrukci, coz zpusobi kolizi, ktera je resena skokem na havarijni stav.
Tento problem lze vyresit upravou rutiny testu RAM ( CHKRAM ) na adrese &008E.
Vyvojovy diagram:
=================
+--------------------------------------+
| RST0 |
+--------------------------------------+
| DI |
| IM 2 |
| SP <- SYSTAK |
+--------------------------------------+
|
+--------------------------------------+
| M5BOT |
+--------------------------------------+
| I <- 70H |
| inicializace systemovych |
| promennych, CTC |
| EI |
| inicializace SGC, SML, VDP, |
| zobrazeni |
+--------------------------------------+
| test MONITOR ROM na soucet 0 |
+--------------------------------------+
|
|
/ \
/ \ - ******************
< OK? >-------------------* havarijni stav *
\ / ******************
\ /
+ |
|
+--------------------------------------+
| test RAM, nalezeni zacatku a konce |
+--------------------------------------+
|
|
/ \
/ \ - ******************
< OK? >-------------------* havarijni stav *
\ / ******************
\ /
+ |
|
|
+---------------------------------------------+
| vyhledani modulu, vyber adres IPL a startu |
+---------------------------------------------+
|
|
/ \ je modul?
- / \ +
+------------------< ? >----------------------------+
| \ / |
| \ / +---------------+
| V | skok na IPL |
| +---------------+
| |
| *****************
| * start modulu *
| *****************
|
| Format hlavicky modulu
| ----------------------
|
+-----------+ +0000 +--------------------------------------+
| RBTCMT | | identifikator |
+-----------+ +0001 +--------------------------------------+
| precti HD | | startovaci adresa |
| z CMT |<--------+ +0003 +--------------------------------------+
+-----------+ | | adresa IPL startu |
| | +0005 +--------------------------------------+
| je .VM | | instrukce pro vykonani RST4 |
/ \ nebo .DT | +0008 +--------------------------------------+
/ \ + | | instrukce pro vykonani RST5 |
< ? >------------>| +000B +--------------------------------------+
\ / | | vlastni program v modulu |
\ / | / /
| - | \ \
| | / /
+-----------+ | | |
| cti telo | | +xFFF +--------------------------------------+
+-----------+ |
| | Identifikator modulu
| | --------------------
/ \ je autostart | 00 = 8 KB od 2000H
/ \ - | 01 = 8 KB od 4000H
< ? >-------------+ 02 = 16 KB od 2000H
\ /
\ /
| +
|
*************
* skok *
* na zaznam *
*************
Cinnosti vyvolane prerusenim od CTC #3 - systemovy tvar
*******************************************************
+--------------------------------------+
| CTC3SP |
+--------------------------------------+
| uschova AF, BC, DE, HL |
| falesne RETI |
| zaznam STATUS VDP |
| test na opravnenost INT |
+--------------------------------------+
|
|
/ \ je INT povolen
- / \
+---------------< ? >
| \ /
| \ /
| | +
| |
| |
| / \ sprity
| / \ + +--------+
| < ON? >-------------------->| SPRPRC |--+
| \ / +--------+ |
| \ / |
| | - |
| +---------------->+<-----------------+
| |
| |
| / \
| +--------+ + / \
| | hodiny |<---< ON? >
| +--------+ \ /
| | \ /
| novy den / \ | -
| +--------+ + / \ |
| | EVHPRC |<------< ? > |
| +--------+ \ / |
| | \ / |
| | | - |
| +-------------->| |
| | |
| alarm / \ |
| +--------+ + / \ |
| | ALMPRC |<------< ? > |
| +--------+ \ / |
| | \ / |
| | | - |
| | V |
| +--------------------------->|
| |
| UPCNT / \
| +---------+ + / \
| | UPCNTSP |------< ON? >
| +---------+ \ /
| | \ /
| | | -
| +------------->|
| |
| |
| DWCNT / \
| +---------+ + / \
| | DWCNTSP |------< ON? >
| +---------+ \ /
| | \ /
| | | -
| +------------->|
| |
| | ^
| RESET / \ HALT / \
| / \ + / \ + +--------+
| < ON? >------< ? >----->| HLTPRC |---+
| \ / \ / +--------+ |
| \ / \ / |
| | - | - |
| | | |
| | RESET / \ |
| | / \ + +--------+ |
| | < ? >------| RSTPRC |-->|
| | \ / +--------+ |
| | \ / |
| | | - |
| |<-----------+<---------------------+
| |
| JOY / \
| +---------+ + / \
| | JOYSP |------< ON? >
| +---------+ \ /
| | \ /
| | | -
| +------------->|
| |
| KEY / \
| +---------+ + / \
| | KEYSP |------< ON? >
| +---------+ \ /
| | \ /
| | | -
| +------------->|
| |
| uzivatelske eventy / \
| +---------+ + / \
| | UEVSP |------< ON? >
| +---------+ \ /
| | \ /
| | | -
| +------------->|
| |
| +--------------------+
| | povoleni dalsiho |
| | preruseni od CTC 3 |
| +--------------------+
| |
------------------------------------>|
|
+----------------------+
| zpet HL, DE, BC, AF |
| navrat do normalniho |
| behu |
+----------------------+
Usporadani pameti ROM a RAM
***************************
Standardni usporadani pameti ROM a RAM v pocitaci a modulech
============================================================
Adresa Obsah KB
FFFF +----------------------------+ 64 \
| | 62 |
F000 | | 60 |
| | 58 |
E000 | | 56 |
| | 54 |
D000 | | 52 |
| | 50 |
C000 | DRAM v modulu EM-5 | 48 > 32kB
| | 46 |
B000 | | 44 |
| | 42 |
A000 | | 40 |
| | 38 |
9000 | | 36 | +----------------------------+
| | 34 | | RAM v modulech BG a BF |
8000 |----------------------------| 32 < +----------------------------+
| 4kB RAM v pocitaci | 30 > 4kB
7000 |----------------------------| 28 < <--- 6FFF pro Basic-F
| | 26 |
6000 | | 24 | <--- 5FFF pro Basic-G
| | 22 |
5000 | ROM jazyku BASIC | 20 |
| | 18 > 20kB
4000 | v pridavnych modulech | 16 | <--- 3FFF pro Basic-I
| | 14 |
3000 | | 12 |
| | 10 |
2000 |----------------------------| 8 <
| | 6 |
1000 | Monitor ROM v pocitaci | 4 > 8kB
| | 2 |
0000 +----------------------------+ 0 /
Usporadani pameti ROM a RAM v sestave SORD M5 + modul 64 KBF
============================================================
Adresa Obsah KB Obsah
FFFF +----------------------------+ 64
| | 62
F000 | | 60
| | 58
E000 | | 56
| | 54
D000 | | 52
| | 50
C000 | 32KB RAM | 48
| | 46
B000 | | 44
| | 42
A000 | | 40
| | 38
9000 | | 36
| | 34
8000 |----------------------------| 32 +----------------------------+
| 4KB RAM v pocitaci | 30 | |
7000 |----------------------------| 28 | |
| | 26 | |
6000 | | 24 | |
| | 22 | |
5000 | | 20 | |
| ROM jazyka Basic-F | 18 | |
4000 | | 16 | 32KB RAM |
| | 14 | |
3000 | | 12 | |
| | 10 | |
2000 |----------------------------| 8 | |
| | 6 | |
1000 | Monitor ROM v pocitaci | 4 | |
| | 2 | |
0000 +----------------------------+ 0 +----------------------------+
Rezimy prace pocitace M5 v sestave s 64KBF
------------------------------------------
Prepinani rezimu prace ( modu ) se deje pomoci instrukce "OUT &30,mod".
MODE READ WRITE
----------------------------------------------------------------------
00 8 KB MON + 20 KB BF + 36 KB RAM 28 KB DIS + 36 KB RAM
01 64 KB RAM 64 KB RAM
02 8 KB MON + 56 KB RAM 64 KB RAM
03 64 KB RAM 28 KB DIS + 36 KB RAM
04 64 KB RAM 16 KB DIS + 48 KB RAM
05 8 KB MON + 20 KB BF + 36 KB RAM 64 KB RAM
06 8 KB MON + 20 KB DIS + 36 KB RAM 64 KB RAM
07 64 KB DIS 64 KB DIS
Usporadani pameti ROM a RAM v sestave SORD M5 + deska 64 KRX
============================================================
na desce v pocitaci v pocitaci na desce na desce
FFFF +----------+ +----------+ +----------+ +----------+ +----------+
| | | | | |
| | | EPROM 16K| | EPROM 16K|
| | | 5 | | 7 |
C000 | DRAM | +----------+ +----------+
| | | | | |
| | | EPROM 16K| | EPROM 16K|
| | | 4 | | 6 |
7FFF +----------+ +----------+ +----------+ +----------+
| SRAM |
7000 +----------+ +----------+
| |
6000 | | +----------+
| | | |
5000 | | | EPROM 8K |
| | | 3 |
4000 | | +----------+ +----------+
| | | |
3000 | DRAM | | EPROM 8K |
| | | 2 |
2000 | | +----------+
| | | |
1000 | | | EPROM 8K |
| | | 1 |
0000 +----------+ +----------+ +----------+ +----------+ +----------+
1 - MONITOR ROM
2 - WINDOWS + BASIC-F 3. cast
3 - BASIC-I
4 - 2. cast BASIC-F + 1. cast BASIC-F
5 - 1. cast BASIC-G + 2. cast BASIC-G
6 - 1. cast MSX 1.C
7 - 2. cast MSX 1.C
Poznamka: na pozici 3 muze byt tez staticka RAM 8KB se zalozni baterii!
Po zapnuti jsou pripojeny pameti SRAM + 1,2,3,4,5 nebo SRAM + 1,2,3,6,7.
Prepinani mezi 4,5 a 6,7 se deje ISOSTATEM, prepinani ROM/RAM se deje
instrukci OUT (7FH),A, kde v A kazdy bit oznacuje 8KB pameti ( stav: 0=RAM,
1=ROM, bit: 0=1, 1=2, 2=3, 3=vzdy SRAM, 4=4, 5=5, 6=6, 7=7 ).
Pri behu libovolneho jazyka BASIC:
0000 2000 7000 FFFF
+-------------------------------------+
| ROM nebo RAM | RAM |
| MONITOR | BASIC-x | volno |
+-------------------------------------+
Pri behu MSX 1.C:
0000 8000 FFFF
+-------------------+
| RAM |
| MSX 1.C | volno |
+-------------------+
MONITOR ROM vyuziva oblast RAM 7000-72FF pro sve systemove promenne. Tato RAM
musi byt po zapnuti pristupna. Jazyky basic vyuzivaji oblast RAM do 7383 (BI),
745A (BG) a 77F2 (BF). System MSX nuluje 3 byte od 8000 a oblast od F0A0-F37F
a F380-FFFF vyuziva pro sve systemove buffery a promenne.
Usporadani pameti videoprocesoru
********************************
Usporadani pameti VRAM v rezimu TEXT
====================================
Rozvrzeni plati pro pripad, kdy jsou obe obrazovky v rezimu TEXT. Je-li jedna
z nich v rezimu GI viz kapitola 3.2.
Adresa Obsah KB
0000 +----------------------------+ 0 \
| | |
| | |
\ \ |
/ / |
\ Volna pamet 10KB \ > 10240 bytu
/ / |
\ \ |
| | |
| | |
2800 |----------------------------| 10 <
| | |
| | |
| Generator tvaru znaku | |
2C00 | obrazovky 0 | 11 > 2048 bytu
| | |
| | |
| | |
3000 |----------------------------| 12 <
| | |
| | |
| Generator tvaru znaku | |
3400 | obrazovky 1 | 13 > 2048 bytu
| | |
| | |
| | |
3800 |----------------------------| 14 <
| Obsah obrazovky 0 | |
| ( ASCII kody znaku ) | > 960 bytu
3BC0 |----------------------------| |
| Volna pamet 64 bytu | > 64 bytu
3C00 |----------------------------| 15 <
| Obsah obrazovky 1 | |
| ( ASCII kody znaku ) | > 960 bytu
3FC0 |----------------------------| |
| Volna pamet 64 bytu | > 64 bytu
3FFF +----------------------------+ 16 /
Usporadani pameti VRAM v rezimu GI
==================================
Rozvrzeni plati pro pripad, kdy jsou obe obrazovky v rezimu GI. Je-li jedna
z nich v rezimu TEXT, plati pro oblast obsahu obrazovky to co pro rezim TEXT.
Adresa Obsah KB
0000 +----------------------------+ 0 \
| | |
| | |
\ \ |
/ / |
\ Volna pamet 8KB \ > 8192 bytu
/ / |
\ \ |
| | |
| | |
2000 |----------------------------| 8 <
| | |
| | |
| Generator tvaru sprajtu | |
2400 | obrazovky 0 i 1 | 9 > 2048 bytu
| | |
| | |
| | |
2800 |----------------------------| 10 <
| | |
| | |
| Generator tvaru znaku | |
2C00 | obrazovky 0 | 11 > 2048 bytu
| | |
| | |
| | |
3000 |----------------------------| 12 <
| | |
| | |
| Generator tvaru znaku | |
3400 | obrazovky 1 | 13 > 2048 bytu
| | |
| | |
| | |
3800 |----------------------------| 14 /
\ \
/ Viz rozvrzeni VRAM v GI /
\ od adresy &3800 \
/ /
3FFF |----------------------------| 16
Usporadani pameti VRAM v rezimu GII
===================================
Rozvrzeni plati pro pripad, kdy je jedna z obrazovek v rezimu GII. Pro druhou
plati pro oblast obsahu obrazovky to co pro rezim ve kterem se nachazi.
Adresa Obsah KB
0000 +----------------------------+ 0 \
| Barvy znaku | |
0400 | horni tretina obrazovky | 1 > 2048 bytu
| | |
0800 |............................| 2 <
| Barvy znaku | |
0C00 | stredni tretina obrazovky | 3 > 2048 bytu
| | |
1000 |............................| 4 <
| Barvy znaku | |
1400 | dolni tretina obrazovky | 5 > 2048 bytu
| | |
1800 |----------------------------| 6 <
| | |
1C00 | viz poznamka | 7 > 2048 bytu
| | |
2000 |----------------------------| 8 <
| Tvary znaku | |
2400 | horni tretina obrazovky | 9 > 2048 bytu
| | |
2800 |............................| 10 <
| Tvary znaku | |
2C00 | stredni tretina obrazovky | 11 > 2048 bytu
| | |
3000 |............................| 12 <
| Tvary znaku | |
3400 | dolni tretina obrazovky | 13 > 2048 bytu
| | |
3800 |----------------------------| 14 /
\ \
/ Viz rozvrzeni VRAM v GI /
\ od adresy &3800 \
/ /
3FFF |----------------------------| 16
Poznamka:
---------
&1800 az &1FFF:
Generator tvaru spritu pro obrazovku 0 i 1 a zaroven generator tvaru znaku
pro opacnou obrazovku ( tzn. pro tu, na niz neni rezim GII ). Tiskne-li se
do graficke obrazovky, bere se tvar znaku z tohoto generatoru.
Usporadani pameti VRAM od adresy &3800 v rezimu GI
==================================================
Rozvrzeni plati pro pripad, kdy jsou obe obrazovky v rezimu GI. Je-li jedna
z nich v rezimu TEXT, plati pro oblast od &3800 do &3BFF ( obrazovka 0 ),
pripadne &3C00 az &3FFF ( obrazovka 1 ) to co pro rezim TEXT. Je-li jedna
z obrazovek v rezimu GII, je pro ni vyuzito jen 768 + 128 bytu a zbytek je
volny.
Adresa Obsah KB
3800 |----------------------------| 14 \
| | |
3880 | | |
| | |
3900 | | |
| Obsah obrazovky 0 | |
3980 | ( ASCII kody znaku ) | > 768 bytu
| | |
3A00 | | |
| | |
3A80 | | |
| | |
3B00 |----------------------------| <
|Tabulka sprajtu obrazovky 0 | > 128 bytu
3B80 |----------------------------| <
| Barvy znaku obrazovky 0 | > 32 bytu
3BA0 |----------------------------| <
| Volna pamet 96 bytu | > 96 bytu
3C00 |----------------------------| 15 <
| | |
3C80 | | |
| | |
3D00 | | |
| Obsah obrazovky 1 | |
3D80 | ( ASCII kody znaku ) | > 768 bytu
| | |
3E00 | | |
| | |
3E80 | | |
| | |
3F00 |----------------------------| <
|Tabulka sprajtu obrazovky 1 | > 128 bytu
3F80 |----------------------------| <
| Barvy znaku obrazovky 1 | > 32 bytu
3FA0 |----------------------------| <
| Volna pamet 96 bytu | > 96 bytu
3FFF |----------------------------| 16 /
Tabulka barev
*************
00 - 0 - zadna barva ( pruhledna ) - no color ( transparent )
01 - 1 - cerna - black
02 - 2 - zelena - green
03 - 3 - svetle zelena - light green
04 - 4 - tmave modra - deep blue
05 - 5 - svetle modra - light blue
06 - 6 - tmave cervena - deep red
07 - 7 - fialova - cyan
08 - 8 - cervena - red
09 - 9 - svetle cervena - light red
10 - A - tmave zluta - deep yellow
11 - B - svetle zluta - light yellow
12 - C - tmave zelena - deep green
13 - D - purpurova - ruzova - purple
14 - E - seda - gray
15 - F - bila - white
Tabulka klavesnice
******************
Prikaz PRINT PEEK(&702A) vraci hodnoty prerazovacich klaves ( 01 az 08 )
a prikaz PRINT PEEK(&702B) vraci hodnoty znakovych klaves ( 09 az 56 ).
,----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.-----.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | - | ^ | \ | |
| 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 48 |RESET|
`----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'-----'
,----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.--------.
|FUNC| Q | W | E | R | T | Y | U | I | O | P | @ | [ | RETURN |
| 02 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 08 |
`----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'--------'
,----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.-------.
|CTRL| A | S | D | F | G | H | J | K | L | ; | : | ] | SPACE |
| 01 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 07 |
`----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'-------'
,--------.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.----.-------.
| SHIFT | Z | X | C | V | B | N | M | + | . | / | _ | SHIFT |
| 04 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 08 |
`--------'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'-------'
Pripojeni I/O zarizeni
**********************
brana ( port ) zarizeni
00 az 03 kanaly CTC #0 az #3
10 a 11 VDP
20 SGC
30 az 37 klavesnice a joystick
40 a 50 centronics pro PRT a univerzalni brana ( MGF, rele, <RESET> )
60 az 63 rezervovano pro SIO
70 az 73 rezervovano pro PIO
80 az FF volne, originalnim systemem M5 nevyuzivane
Porty &60 a &70 byvaji vyuzity pro prepinani ROM/RAM a pro pristup k RAM DISKu.
Konktetni pouziti se lisi podle hardwarove konstrukce (nejsou to tovarni
vyrobky, jsou to konstrukce fandu SORDa).
Dolni polovina ASCII tabulky
****************************
00 00 - znak nic 43 2B + - plus 86 56 V
01 01 A - inverzni A 44 2C , - carka 87 57 W
02 02 B - inverzni B 45 2D - - minus 88 58 X
03 03 C - inverzni C 46 2E . - tecka 89 59 Y
04 04 D - inverzni D 47 2F / - lomitko 90 5A Z
05 05 E - inverzni E 48 30 0 91 5B [ - leva hranata zavorka
06 06 F - inverzni F 49 31 1 92 5C \ - obracene lomitko
07 07 G - inverzni G 50 32 2 93 5D ] - prava hran. zavorka
08 08 H - inverzni H 51 33 3 94 5E ^ - znak mocneni
09 09 I - inverzni I 52 34 4 95 5F _ - podtrzitko
10 0A J - inverzni J 53 35 5 96 60 ` - obraceny apostrof
11 0B K - inverzni K 54 36 6 97 61 a
12 0C L - inverzni L 55 37 7 98 62 b
13 0D M - inverzni M 56 38 8 99 63 c
14 0E N - inverzni N 57 39 9 100 64 d
15 0F O - inverzni O 58 3A : - dvojtecka 101 65 e
16 10 P - inverzni P 59 3B ; - strednik 102 66 f
17 11 Q - inverzni Q 60 3C < - mensi nez 103 67 g
18 12 R - inverzni R 61 3D = - rovnase 104 68 h
19 13 S - inverzni S 62 3E > - vetsi nez 105 69 i
20 14 T - inverzni T 63 3F ? - otaznik 106 6A j
21 15 U - inverzni U 64 40 @ - obchodni at 107 6B k
22 16 V - inverzni V 65 41 A 108 6C l
23 17 W - inverzni W 66 42 B 109 6D m
24 18 X - inverzni X 67 43 C 110 6E n
25 19 Y - inverzni Y 68 44 D 111 6F o
26 1A Z - inverzni Z 69 45 E 112 70 p
27 1B - kursor 70 46 F 113 71 q
28 1C - sipka vpravo 71 47 G 114 72 r
29 1D - sipka vlevo 72 48 H 115 73 s
30 1E - sipka nahoru 73 49 I 116 74 t
31 1F - sipka dolu 74 4A J 117 75 u
32 20 - mezera 75 4B K 118 76 v
33 21 ! - vykricnik 76 4C L 119 77 w
34 22 " - uvozovky 77 4D M 120 78 x
35 23 # - maltezsky kr. 78 4E N 121 79 y
36 24 $ - string, dolar 79 4F O 122 7A z
37 25 % - procenta 80 50 P 123 7B { - leva slozena zavorka
38 26 & - obchodni and 81 51 Q 124 7C | - siroka dvojtecka
39 27 ' - apostrof 82 52 R 125 7D } - prava sl. zavorka
40 28 ( - leva zavorka 83 53 S 126 7E ~ - vlnovka
41 29 ) - prava zavorka 84 54 T 127 7F - trojuhelnicek
42 2A * - hvezdicka 85 55 U 128 80 - plny ctverec 8*8
Narodni abeceda
***************
Na ASCII kodech A0h az DFh jsou v M5 znaky narodnich abeced (plna CS abeceda
tam neni). Pro mistni potreby vznikl tzv. LZR standard pro usporadani znaku
s diakritickymi znamenky a nektere matenaticke symboly.
A0: suma B0: prehlasovane O C0: mezera D0: prehlasovane o
A1: dlouhe A B1: O s vokanem C1: dlouhe a D1: o s vokanem
A2: prehlasovane A B2: R s hackem C2: prehlasovane a D2: r s hackem
A3: C s hackem B3: S s hackem C3: c s hackem D3: s s hackem
A4: D s hackem B4: T s hackem C4: d s hackem D4: t s hackem
A5: dlouhe E B5: dlouhe U C5: dlouhe e D5: dlouhe u
A6: E s hackem B6: U s krouzkem C6: e s hackem D6: u s krouzkem
A7: prehlasovane E B7: prehlasovane U C7: prehlasovane e D7: prehlasovane u
A8: hacek B8: dlouhe R C8: vlnovka D8: dlouhe r
A9: dlouhe I B9: dlouhe Y C9: dlouhe i D9: dlouhe y
AA: carka BA: Z s hackem CA: prehlaska DA: z s hackem
AB: krouzek BB: <= CB: vokan DB: alfa
AC: L s hackem BC: stupne CC: l s hackem DC: beta
AD: priblizne BD: => CD: odmocnina DD: libra
AE: N s hackem BE: nerovna se CE: n s hackem DE: pi
AF: dlouhe O BF: plusminus CF: dlouhe o DF: prumer
Seznam odezev CTRL + klavesa
****************************
kod znak rutina vyznam
00 DSPCH3 neprovede nic
01 A DSPCH3 neprovede nic
02 B STCSD kursor na zacatek radku
03 C SCRDW rolovani dolu
04 D SCRLF rolovani vlevo
05 E SCRUP rolovani nahoru
06 F SCRRG rolovani vpravo
07 G BEL zvonek
08 H DELTC smazani znaku
09 I TABLT tabulace
0A J LFEED dalsi radka
0B K HOHEP kursor home
0C L CLRSC smazani obrazovky ( ne z klavesnice )
0D M CRETL kursor na zacatek radku a LF
0E N SNTCSD kursor na zacatek dalsi radky
0F O STOVRM psani
10 P STINSM insert
11 Q MMODE MCOLOR
12 R GMODE GII
13 S CMODE GI
14 T TMODE TEXT
15 U NRMSC navrat do stranky 0
16 V REVSC vymena stranky
17 W CRETL jako CTRL M
18 X CANCL smazani do konce radky
19 Y RVDSPP pohled do opacne stranky
1A Z RVWRTP kursor do opacne stranky
1B [ DSPCH3 ESC - neprovede nic
1C ; RGTAW kursor vpravo
1D : LFTAW kursor vlevo
1E @ UPRAW kursor nahoru
1F _ LWRAW kursor dolu
CTRL kody na pocitacich rady SMEP
*********************************
kod znak vyznam
00 NUL prazdny znak
01 SOH zacatek zahlavi
02 STX zacatek textu
03 ETX konec textu
04 EOT konec prenosu
05 ENQ otazka
06 ACK potvrzeni
07 BEL zvonek
08 BS krok zpet
09 HT horizontalni tabulace
0A LF dalsi radka
0B VT vertikalni tabulace
0C FF nova stranka
0D CR navrat na zacatek radky
0E SO rusky registr
0F SI latinsky registr
10 DLE autoregistr
11 DC1 ridici znak 1
12 DC2 ridici znak 2
13 DC3 ridici znak 3
14 DC4 ridici znak 4
15 NAK neuspesne potvrzeni
16 SYN synchronizace
17 ETB konec bloku
18 CAN zruseni
19 EM konec media
1A SUB substituce
1B ESC autoregistr 2
1C FS oddelovac souboru
1D GS oddelovac skupin
1E RS oddelovac zaznamu
1F US oddelovac prvku
20 SP mezera
Zapojeni systemoveho konektoru
******************************
28 27 26 25 24 05 04 03 02 01
,--+--+--+--+--+- ... -+--+--+--+--+--.
| | | | | | | | | | | | B pohled shora
+--+--+--+--+--+- ... -+--+--+--+--+--+
| | | | | | | | | | | | A
`--+--+--+--+--+- ... -+--+--+--+--+--'
A B A B A B A B
01:-12V -12V 10: D1 D6 19: A0 A15 28: RST CLK
02:+12V +12V 11: D0 D7 20: WAIT MRQ
03:+12V +12V 12: A7 A8 21:ROMDS RFSH
04: +5V +5V 13: A6 A9 22: ROM0 ROM1
05: +5V +5V 14: A5 A10 23: ROM2 EXM
06: GND GND 15: A4 A11 24: MRD MWR
07: GND GND 16: A3 A12 25: IORD IOWR
08: D3 D4 17: A2 A13 26:EXIOA EXIOB
09: D2 D5 18: A1 A14 27:EXINT EXCLK
Zapojeni konektoru tiskarny
***************************
15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1
,---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---.
| NC|GND| NC| D6| D4| D2| D0|STB|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ pohled zezadu
| NC|GND|BUS| D7| D5| D3| D1|GND|
`---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---'
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
Zapojeni joysticku
******************
konektor
,---------------------------------------------*------O 2 (+) 1 o o 6
| ,-----------------------------------------|------O 3 4 o o 5
| | ,------------------------------------|------O 4 3 o/\o 2
| | | ,--------------------------*----|------O 5 v pocitaci
| | | | | |
up left down right <- tlacitka smeru ATA ATB <- tlacitka attack
| | | | | | <- zde jsou zapojeny diody
`---*----*----*--------------------------|----|------O 6
`----*------O 1 (-)
Cteni klavesnice a joysticku
****************************
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 bit/brana
,-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------.
| ENTER | SPACE | --- | --- |P.SHIFT|L.SHIFT| FUNC | CTRL | 30
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 31
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| I | U | Y | T | R | E | W | Q | 32
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| K | J | H | G | F | D | S | A | 33
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| , | M | N | B | V | C | X | Z | 34
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| \ | _ | / | . | ^ | - | 0 | 9 | 35
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| ] | : | ; | L | [ | @ | P | O | 36
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| P.JOY | P.JOY | P.JOY | P.JOY | L.JOY | L.JOY | L.JOY | L.JOY | 37
| | | <-- | ^ | --> | | | <-- | ^ | --> |
| v | | | | | v | | | | |
`-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------'
Spoustece joy ( fire, attack ) jsou napojeny na klavesy 1, 2, 5 a 6.
Univerzalni brana 50H
*********************
+----------+--------------------+-------------------------------+
| bit | vstup | vystup |
| 76543210 +--------------------+-------------------------------+
| 00000001 | vstup OLD z MGF | SAVE na MGF a DSTB na PRT |
| 00000010 | BUSY od PRT | STS na PRT a na civku rele |
| 00000100 | COM pro PRT | --- |
| 10000000 | klavesa <RESET> | --- |
+----------+--------------------+-------------------------------+
Format zaznamu dat na magnetofonu
*********************************
+--------------------------------------------------- . . . ---------------+
| bez signalu | uvodni pisk | blok | IBG | blok | | IBG | blok |
| 4 sec | 8000 kmitu | HD | pisk | dat | | pisk | EOF |
+--------------------------------------------------- . . . ---------------+
Blok HD Blok dat
======= ========
+----------------------------------+ +----------------------------------+
| IDENT | pocet | DATA | kontrolni | | IDENT | pocet | DATA | kontrolni |
| | bytu | HD | soucet | | | bytu | | soucet |
+----------------------------------+ +----------------------------------+
Format bloku HD ( IDT - hlavicka )
==================================
00 +--------------------------------------+ Tvar atributu
| atribut | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
01 +--------------------------------------+ 0 1
| jmeno zaznamu | 0 data BASIC program .CM
| maximalne 9 znaku | 1 jen nahravat autostart
| jinak ukonceno 00 | 2 souvisla data file .DT
0A +--------------------------------------+ 3 CPU VRAM
| nahravaci adresa | 4 bez roz. atr. s roz. atr.
0C +--------------------------------------+ 5 \
| delka dat | 6 > typ dat
0E +--------------------------------------+ 7 /
| startovaci adresa |
10 +--------------------------------------+ Typ dat
| rozsirujici atribut | ~~~~~~~
11 +--------------------------------------+
| | 20 BI
| nepouzity prostor | 40 FC
| | 60 BG
1F +--------------------------------------+ 80 BF
Format bytu
===========
start bit = 0, stop bit = 1, priklad pro E5h
* 0 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 0 * 0 * 1 * 0 * 1 * 1
+----+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +----+ +----+ +--+ +----+ +--+ +--+
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
+ +----+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +----+ +----+ +--+ +----+ +--+ +--+
start bit stop bit
IBG - pisk pred zaznamem o delce 512 nebo 3600 pulsu u nesouvislych dat
IDENT - byt identifikace 'H' - HD
'D' - DATA
'F' - FILE
'E' - EOF
Urceni delky IBG pisku
======================
pri CALL je hodnota v C
IBG = C*256+C [ pulsu ]
Seznam chyb, ktere generuje MONITOR ROM
***************************************
navesti kod typ odkud
- 7C 3B nepouzita od uzivatele
.OVIEW 7D 3C mimo VIEW MVACS, RDSCH
.CATRG 7E 3D pretekl rozsah GTSTEP
.SPRDA 7F 3E sprite mimo obrazovku MVSPA, MVSPR, GTSPRC
.ACMIU 80 3F nepouzita
.CHKSM 81 40 chyba kontrol. souctu BLOAD, RFIDC, LOADC
.BREAK 82 41 stisk RESET BSAVE, BLOAD, RFIDC, LOADC
.FINUM 83 42 rozdilne jmeno RFIDC, BLOAD
.BUFFL 84 43 pretekl buffer RDSTM,FUNC,EDTLN,ACELN,PTKDT,LOADC
.DADOT 85 44 nal. EOF, nejsou data BLODD, GTKDT, LOADC
.ILGDM 86 45 jiny rezim displeje STICOL
.TIMOT 87 46 pretekl cas ACECH, WTKDTC, EDTLN, ACELN
.SPRPOS 88 47 sprit mimo rozsah MVSPA, GTSPOS, MVSPR, GTSPPC
.ILGCM 89 48 chybny parametr VIEW,STCHR,RDCHR,PLAY,ETREIT,GTSTEP
.SPNFD 8A 49 chyba sprite GTSPLC
.EVNRD 8B 4A nedovolena operace STRTDC, STRTUC
.ILGEL 8C 4B jiny blok BLOAD, LOADC
- 8D 4C nepouzita
Vyznam:
Programy v MONITORU volaji jednotlive rutiny, ve kterych je, v pripade, ze
nastane chyba, volana rutina obslouzeni chyb, ktera zajisti vypnuti motoru,
povoleni preruseni, zahozeni navratove adresy ( na to pozor! ) a predani cisla
chyby do akumulatoru. V rutine, kde nastala chyba se tedy jiz nepokracuje,
rizeni je predano do podprogramu, ktery vyhodnoti podle stavu CY, jak dal
pokracovat.
Strucny popis vybranych casti z problematiky programovani na Z80
****************************************************************
Registry
========
AF, BC, DE, HL, IX a IY jsou registrove pary
AF', BC', DE' a HL' jsou zrcadlove registrove pary
registrove pary AF, BC, DE a HL jsou slozeny ze dvou registru ( registrovy
par AF z registru A a z registru F ... atd )
R je Refresh registr
I je Interrupt registr
Jednotlive bity v registru F znamenaji:
S - sign: vysledek operace < 0
Z - zero: vysledek operace = 0
H - half: pro DAA pri prenosu uvnitr cisla
P/V - parity/overflow pro logicke/vypocetni operace
N - substract: kdyz posledni operace bylo odecitani
C - carry: prenos pri vypoctu ( oznacovan take CY )
Zapis podminky
==============
Obecna podminka "if NN {operator} QQ then RET" se resi nejjednoduseji:
IFTHEN: LD A,NN
CP QQ ;if NN ?? QQ then RET
;a nyni v konkretnim pripade nasleduje jedna z moznosti
RET Z ;if NN = QQ then RET
RET NZ ;if NN <> QQ then RET
RET C ;if NN < QQ then RET
RET NC ;if NN => QQ then RET
;kde NN a QQ jsou jednobajtova cisla ( nebo pripadne obsahy registru ).
Obecne tedy plati - - a kontroluje se :
IF NN = QQ THEN Z=1, CY=0 ELSE Z=0, CY=X ; >> Z <<
IF NN <> QQ THEN Z=0, CY=X ELSE Z=1, CY=0 ; >> NZ <<
IF NN < QQ THEN Z=0, CY=1 ELSE Z=X, CY=0 ; >> C <<
IF NN => QQ THEN Z=X, CY=0 ELSE Z=0, CY=1 ; >> NC <<
( poznamka: X znamena stav v zavislosti na velikosti QQ a NN )
Podobne se testuje obsah jednoho bitu:
IF BIT=1 THEN Z=0 ELSE Z=1 ; >> NZ <<
a opacne:
IF BIT=0 THEN Z=1 ELSE Z=0 ; >> Z <<
napriklad:
TSTBIT: LD HL,FLAG
BIT 2,(HL) ;Vrat se, jestlize je druhy bit
RET NZ ;promenne FLAG nastaven na 1
...
Relacni operace
===============
Relacni operace se zapisuji ( napriklad ) nasledovne ( vysledek je ulozen
v registru A ):
LD A,#05 ;Vysledky: #05 - 0000 0101
; #06 - 0000 0110
; ---------------
AND A,#06 ; #05 AND #06 = #04 - 0000 0100
OR A,#06 ; #05 OR #06 = #07 - 0000 0111
XOR A,#06 ; #05 XOR #06 = #03 - 0000 0011
NEG ; = #FB - 1111 1011
Vsechny relacni operace nastavuji CY=0. Chceme-li zjistit, je-li v registru
A nula, pouzijeme instrukci OR A. Zero pak vraci vysledek ( je/neni ).
Aritmeticke operace
===================
Naprikld:
ADC A,NN ; A:=A+NN+CY
ADD A,NN ; A:=A+NN
SBC A,NN ; A:=A-NN-CY
SUB A,NN ; A:=A-NN
DEC A ; A:=A-1
INC A ; A:=A+1
DAA ; Prevod HEX --> BCD
Rotace jednobajtove hodnoty
===========================
Rotace znamena vlastne pouhe presunuti jednotlivych bitu v jednom bajtu danym
smerem ( vlevo, vpravo ), pricemz bit, ktery je z bajtu "vysunut ven" je vzdy
prekopirovan do CY a pripadne jeste do bitu na opacnem konci bajtu. Instrukce
RL ( rotate left ) a RLC ( rotate left carry ) se provadeji nasledovne:
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CY 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CY
.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. .-. .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. .-.
.-- |1|0|0|1|0|1|1|0| <-- |1| <--. .-- |0|0|0|1|0|1|1|1| <--. |1| <--.
| `-`-`-`-`-`-`-`-' `-' | | `-`-`-`-`-`-`-`-' | `-' |
`---------------->---------------' `---------------->-------+--------'
RL - pred presunem "10010110 1" a po presunu "00101101 1".
RLC - pred presunem "00010111 1" a po presunu "00101110 0".
; 76543210 CY Presun bitu o jeden -
; ABCDEFGH X
RL A ; BCDEFGHX A - vlevo pres CY
RLC A ; BCDEFGHA A - vlevo, sedmy do CY
RR A ; XABCDEFG H - vpravo pres CY
RRC A ; HABCDEFG H - vpravo, nulty do CY
SLA A ; BCDEFGH0 A - vlevo, do nulteho 0, sedmy do CY
SLIA A ; BCDEFGH1 A - vlevo, do nulteho 1, sedmy do CY
SRA A ; AABCDEFG H - vpravo, sedmy zachovan
SRL A ; 0ABCDEFG H - vpravo, do sedmeho 0, nulty do CY
Programovani obvodu TMS9929A - videoprocesor
********************************************
VDP data port ( I/O port 10H )
==============================
Brana pro zapis nebo cteni jednoho bajtu do nebo z VRAM na nebo z predem nas-
tavene adresy. Po cteni nebo zapisu se adresa automaticky o jednu zvetsi.
VDP command port ( I/O port 11H )
=================================
Bity po precteni:
7 - 1 = paprsek dobehl na konec obrazovky
6 - 1 = nastal stret dvou a vice spritu
5 - 1 = na jedne TV radce se nachazi pet a vice spritu
4 az 0 - cislo spritu, ktery je paty na TV radce
Bity pro zapis:
Je-li nastaven bit 7, pak bity 2 az 0 obsahuji cislo registru VDP, do ktereho
ma byt proveden zapis. Je-li shozen bit 7, pak bity 5 az 0 obsahuji adresu
VRAM, na kterou se ma VDP nastavit, pricemz bit 6 urcuje, ma-li se VDP nasta-
vit pro cteni nebo zapis - 0 = cteni, 1 = zapis. Pozor! Nejdrive se vysilaji
data nebo dolni polovina adresy ( bity 7 az 0 nemaji zadny specialni vyznam )
a teprve pote se vysila cislo registru nebo horni polovina adresy ( bity 7 a 6
maji vyse uvedeny vyznam ). Vyznam registru VDP:
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 bit/registr
,-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------.
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | M3 | EXTVI | R0
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| VRAM | BLANK | INTEN | M1 | M2 | 0 | SIZE | MAG | R1
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | adresa obrazovky | R2
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| adresa tabulky barev | R3
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | adresa predloh znaku | R4
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 0 | adresa tabulky spritu | R5
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | adresa predloh spritu | R6
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| barva popredi | barva pozadi nebo ramecku | R7
`-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------'
Vyznam bitu:
EXTVI - 0 = zakazani externiho videosignalu
VRAM - vyber pameti pouzitych pro VRAM: 0 = 4027 ; 1 = 4108 / 4116
BLANK - 0 = nezobrazuji se tvary, pouze barva pozadi
INTEN - 0 = zakaz generovani prerusovaciho signalu
SIZE - 0 = 8*8, 1 = 16*16
MAG - 0 = nezvetseno, 1 = dvakrat zvetseno
M1 M2 M3 - nastaveni rezimu
0 0 0 GI
0 0 1 GII
0 1 0 MCOL
1 0 0 TEXT
High Low registr
R2=adresa/400H - 00xx xx00 0000 0000 -> 0000 0000 0000 xxxx
R3=adresa/40H - 00xx xxxx xx00 0000 -> 0000 0000 xxxx xxxx
R4=adresa/800H - 00xx x000 0000 0000 -> 0000 0000 0000 0xxx
R5=adresa/80H - 00xx xxx0 0000 0000 -> 0000 0000 000x xxxx
R6=adresa/800H - 00xx x000 0000 0000 -> 0000 0000 0000 0xxx
Programovani obvodu SN76489AN - zvukovy generator
*************************************************
SGC data port ( I/O port 20H )
==============================
SGC obsahuje tri zvukove generatory. Kanaly 0 az 2 jsou tonove, kanal je 3 su-
movy.
Bity pro zapis - prvni byte:
Je-li nastaven bit 7, pak bity 6 a 5 vzdy urcuji cislo kanalu SGC, do ktereho
je provaden zapis. Bit 4 urcuje, jestli se nastavuje frekvence =0, nebo zesla-
beni =1. Bity 3 az 0 pak obsahuji bud velikost zeslabeni nebo v pripade zapisu
do kanalu 0 az 2 obsahuji dolni polovinu frekvence. U kanalu 3 urcuje bit 2
periodicky sum =0 nebo bily sum =1 a bity 1 a 0 urcuji jeho frekvenci.
- druhy byte:
Je-li shozen bit 7, pak bity 5 az 0 obsahuji horni polovinu frekvence.
Programovani SGC:
1. byte 2.byte
1000nnnn 0Xnnnnnn - nastaveni kanalu 0 na frekvenci n
1010nnnn 0Xnnnnnn - nastaveni kanalu 1 na frekvenci n
1100nnnn 0Xnnnnnn - nastaveni kanalu 2 na frekvenci n
1110Xp00 - nastaveni sumoveho kanalu na frekvenci F0/512
1110Xp01 - nastaveni sumoveho kanalu na frekvenci F0/1024
1110Xp10 - nastaveni sumoveho kanalu na frekvenci F0/2048
1110Xp11 - nastaveni sumoveho kanalu stejnou frekvenci, jakou ma kanal 2
1kk1zzzz - nastaveni zeslabeni kanalu k. Velikost zeslabeni:
0000 - 0 dB
0001 - 2 dB
0010 - 4 dB
0100 - 7 dB
1000 - 12.5 dB
1111 - umlceni kanalu
Programovani obvodu Z80 CTC - citac
***********************************
ridici slovo:
.----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----.
| D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
`----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----'
D0: =0 V byte select ( channel 0 ) only
=1 P byte select
Format V bytu:
.----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----.
| D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
`----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----'
\_______ _______/
V
interrupt vector - dolni byte vektoru preruseni
D1,D2: channel number, 0 - 0 0 - cislo kanalu
1 - 0 1
2 - 1 0
3 - 1 1
Format P bytu:
.----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----.
| D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
`----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----'
D7: =0 interrupt disable - zakaz prerusovani CPU
=1 interrupt enable - povoleno prerusovani CPU
D6: =0 counter - CTC kanal funguje jako citac
=1 timer - CTC kanal funguje jako casovac
D5: =0 sytstem clock division by 256 - hodiny delene 256 ( timer mode )
=0 sytstem clock division by 16 - hodiny delene 16
D4: =0 clock - kanal pobezi podle hodin
=1 trigger - kanal bude spousten
D3: =0 external trigger - kanal bude spousten zvenci ( timer mode )
=1 auto trigger - kanal bude spousten automaticky
D2: =0 no will TC - nenasleduje TC byte
=1 load TC - nasleduje TC byte
D1: =0 stop - zastaveni kanalu
=1 cont - spusteni kanalu - pokracovani
Format TC bytu:
.----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----.
| D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
`----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----'
D7-D0: data 00 az FFh pro timer counter
Programovani obvodu I8255 - paralelni port
******************************************
Obvod I8255 je obsazen v modulu PI-5 PIO.
OUT &70,data nebo INP(&70) - zapis/cteni - brana A
OUT &71,data nebo INP(&71) - zapis/cteni - brana B
OUT &72,data nebo INP(&72) - zapis/cteni - brana C
OUT &73,CWR - ridici slovo
CWR:
====
volba druhu provozu
-------------------
bit
0 - C3-C0, 1=IN, 0=OUT
1 - B7-B0, 1=IN, 0=OUT
2 - druh provozu pro C3-C0 a B7-B0, 0=0, 1=1
3 - C7-C4, 1=IN, 0=OUT
4 - A7-A0, 1=IN, 0=OUT
5,6 - druh provozu pro C7-C4 a A7-A0, 00=0, 01=1, 1X=2
7 - 1 ( probiha volba provozu )
setovani/resetovani bitu
------------------------
bit
0 - 0=bit resetovat, 1=bit nasetovat
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - cislo bitu se kterym se pracuje
1 - 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 - B0
2 - 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 - B1
3 - 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 - B2
4,5,6 - bez vyznamu
7 - 0 ( probiha setovani/resetovani bitu )
druh provozu 0
--------------
+---------+---+---+---+---+
| 4 3 1 0 | A | Ch| B | Cl|
+---------+---+---+---+---+
| 0 0 0 0 | O | O | O | O |
| 0 0 0 1 | O | O | O | I |
| 0 0 1 0 | O | O | I | O |
| 0 0 1 1 | O | O | I | I |
| 0 1 0 0 | O | I | O | O |
| 0 1 0 1 | O | I | O | I |
| 0 1 1 0 | O | I | I | O |
| 0 1 1 1 | O | I | I | I |
| 1 0 0 0 | I | O | O | O |
| 1 0 0 1 | I | O | O | I |
| 1 0 1 0 | I | O | I | O |
| 1 0 1 1 | I | O | I | I |
| 1 1 0 0 | I | I | O | O |
| 1 1 0 1 | I | I | O | I |
| 1 1 1 0 | I | I | I | O |
| 1 1 1 1 | I | I | I | I |
+---------+---+---+---+---+
Definovani novych zarizeni v Basiku-F
*************************************
Zacatek tabulky zarizeni v BF:
609D DB IDENT
DW ADRDAL
DS 3
DW OPEN,CLOSE,PRINT,PUT,INPUT,GET,RECORD,FIND
.
.
.
ADRDAL DB IDENT
.
.
.
IDENT - Bitove:
0 ... 0 = platne zarizeni 1 = neplatne zarizeni
1 ... 0 = neni "FX:"; 1 = je "FX:"
2 ... 0 = 1 =
3 ... 0 = CLOSE pred novym OPEN; 1 = mozno opakovat OPEN
4 ... 0 = neni "FX:"; 1 = driver "FX:" ????
5 ... 0 = 1 =
6 ... 0 = neni "FX:"; 1 = vysle se volba kanalu
7 ... 0 = zarizeni pristupne; 1 = zarizeni se ignoruje
posledni zarizeni vede do RAM.
73CE DB IDENT / 80h - ignorovani /
DW ADRDAL / 0000h - neni /
konec tabulky, zde se zadava adresa tabulky noveho zarizeni, tabulka na 73CE
je jen odrazem do RAM
OPEN "DEV:NAME" [ FOR { INPUT / OUTPUT / APPEND } ] AS #CHANNEL
( #0 je otevren automaticky pro "CNS:", proto pred jeho pouzitim je treba
provest CLOSE #0 )
7369 ;tabulka 16-ti kanalu, ktere mohou byt soucasne OPEN
DB typ zarizeni ( 0FFh = kanal uzavren, t.j. volny )
DB cislo driveru
DB cislo FX kanalu
DW adresa definice zarizeni
DB poloha tisku
Tyto bajty naplni spravne zavolani prikazu OPEN.
Pokud chceme nekterou funkci v definici zarizeni ignorovat, uvedeme
adresu 5EE5h .
OPEN:
-----
vstup: A,D,BC
A D IX - bazova adresa kanalu (IX+2) je k dispozici
-----
09 53 neni FOR BC - delka RECORDu ( implicitne 256 )
04 22 FOR INPUT
0A 31 FOR OUTPUT
0A 37 FOR APPEND
Dalsi rutiny nekontroluji, jestli smeji byt vzhledem k FOR pouzity.
PRINT, PUT, INPUT, GET:
-----------------------
vstup: HL,B,E,SYSFMT,DIFLGA,IX
HL - adresa odkud pripadne kam
B - maximalni delka pripadne pocet
E - (IX+2) z tabulky kanalu
SYSFMT bit: 0 - VRAM/RAM,
1 - VERIFY/OLD
DIFLGA bit: 1 - zobraz/vykonej CTRL kody
vystup: HL,B,A
HL - adresa za poslednim zpracovanym kodem
B - pocet nezpracovanych znaku
A - posledni zpracovany kod
U PRINT a INPUT:
zakoncit na kod 00 ( nezaznamenava se ) nebo ma 0Dh ( jeste zaznamenat ).
RECORD:
-------
vstup: BC,E,IX
BC - cislo za RECORDem
E - (IX+2) z tabulky kanalu
ma vyznam jen pro "FX:" pro formatovani diskety
CLOSE:
------
vstup: E,IX
E - (IX+2) z tabulky kanalu
zapise 0FFh do tabulky kanalu
FIND:
-----
reaguje na oddelovace v PRINT ( tabulace a pod. ). Neni pouzito z vnejsku,
zjisti tiskovou pozici
Ve vsech rutinach je vystupnim parametrem CY, signalizuje chybu, kod
chyby ocekava Basic-F v registru A a uzavira s ni VSECHNY kanaly.
SAVE = OPEN + PUT + CLOSE
VSAVE = SET 0,(SYSFMT) + SAVE
OLD = OPEN + GET + CLOSE
Cisla a adresy prikazu a funkci jazyka Basic-F a Basic-D
********************************************************
jmeno kod BD BF navesti
err-2 00 79B5 2762 .ERRS
REM 01 49BF 49BF .REMN
! or ' 02 49BF 49BF .REM!
err-2 03 79B5 2762 .ERRS
DATA 04 49BF 49BF .DATA
$ 05 4353 4353 .LABL
err-2 06 79B5 2762 .ERRS
err-2 07 79B5 2762 .ERRS
err-2 08 79B5 2762 .ERRS
err-2 09 79B5 2762 .ERRS
AUTO 0A 435A 435A .AUTO
CLEAR 0B 438C 438C .CLEA
CLIST 0C 7BD2 441E .CLST
CONT 0D 43E2 43E2 .CONT
DEL 0E 4401 4401 .DEL
KILL 0F 5D89 5D89 .KILL
LIST 10 7BCF 441B .LIST
NEW 11 44CA 44CA .NEW
OLD 12 7B9A 4726 .OLD
RENUM 13 4506 4506 .RENM
RUN 14 7B2C 45A5 .RUN
SAVE 15 4645 4645 .SAVE
STEP 16 45FB 45FB .STEP
TAPE 17 4614 4614 .TAPE
TRACE 18 45FE 45FE .TRCE
TYPE 19 4626 4626 .TYPE
VERIFY 1A 7B86 4717 .VRFY
VSAVE 1B 7B37 46BA .VSAV
CHAIN 1C 473D 473D .CAIN
CLOSE 1D 5079 5079 .CLSE
CONSOLE 1E 5025 5025 .CONS
DIM 1F 4938 4938 .DIM
END 20 4A09 4A09 .END
FOR 21 4A22 4A22 .FOR
GET 22 5152 5152 .GET
GOSUB 23 4B9C 4B9C .GSUB
GOTO 24 4BA9 4BA9 .GOTO
IF 25 4BC8 4BC8 .IF
INPUT 26 4DA6 4DA6 .INPT
LEN 27 5071 5071 .LEN
LET 28 4C19 4C19 .LET
(LET) 29 4C19 4C19 .LETN
NEXT 2A 4B05 4B05 .NEXT
ON 2B 7CF2 4C6E .ON
OPEN 2C 5096 5096 .OPEN
PRINT 2D 4CE2 4CE2 .PRNT
PUT 2E 5120 5120 .PUT
RANDOMIZE 2F 3F4B 3F4B .RAND
READ 30 4E0B 4E0B .READ
RECORD 31 517B 517B .RCRD
REPEAT 32 4F82 4F82 .RPAT
RESTORE 33 4F70 4F70 .RSTR
RETURN 34 4F01 4F01 .RSME
RETURN 35 4F13 4F13 .RETN
STOP 36 4FB0 4FB0 .STOP
SWAP 37 4FD9 4FD9 .SWAP
THETA 38 5862 5862 .THTA
UNTIL 39 4F8F 4F8F .UNTL
BCOL 3A 5205 5205 .BCOL
CLS 3B 51A1 51A1 .CLS
COLOR 3C 520E 520E .CLOR
DRAW 3D 5319 5319 .DRAW
FCOL 3E 51F9 51F9 .FCOL
GINIT 3F 804D 6287 .GNIT
GMODE 40 52EC 52EC .GMDE
GMOVE 41 530B 530B .GMVE
LOC 42 5246 5246 .LOC
LOCATE 43 51CA 51CA .LCTE
MAG 44 51EA 51EA .MAG
PAINT 45 5342 5342 .PAIN
PLOT 46 5311 5311 .PLOT
SCOD 47 51D0 51D0 .SCOD
SCOL 48 51D5 51D5 .SCOL
STCHR 49 5288 5288 .STCH
VIEW 4A 51AB 51AB .VIEW
CALL 4B 56B8 56B8 .CALL
EVENT 4C 7D20 56D1 .EVNT
EXE 4D 5804 5804 .EXE
FX 4E 6D14 6D14 .FX
GCOPY 4F 536B 536B .GCPY
OUT 50 5796 5796 .OUT
POKE 51 57A4 57A4 .POKE
POKEW 52 5904 5904 .PKEW
SG 53 5708 5708 .SG
SLEEP 54 5750 5750 .SLEP
VPOKE 55 57B2 57B2 .VPKE
WAIT 56 5785 5785 .WAIT
NOLIST 57 44ED 44ED .NLST
DEF 58 7D5A .DEF
WHILE 59 7E1F .WHLE
WEND 5A 7E61 .WEND
PUSH 5B 7D99 .PUSH
POP 5C 7DDD .POP
BAR 5D 7FFC .BAR
BOX 5E 8001 .BOX
CIRCLE 5F 800C .CRCL
JOINT 60 7F69 .JONT
MOVE 61 7F93 .MOVE
ERASE 62 7F53 .ERAS
ESCRN 63 7EB4 .ESCR
MPRINT 64 7F18 .MPRT
PLAY 65 80BD .PLAY
PMODE 66 80EF .PMDE
TIME$ 67 8162 .TIM$
ALARM$ 68 8159 .ALM$
ALARM 69 7D35 .ALRM
COINC 6A 7D03 .CONC
ERROR 6B 8152 .ERRO
KEY 6C 7D0A .KEY
LINE 6D 7E72 .LINE
OUTW 6E 819C .OUTW
FILES 6F 81AE .FILS
err-2 70 79B5 2762 .ERRS
err-2 00 79B5 2762 .ERRS
ABS 01 537F 537F .ABS
ATN 02 5379 5379 .ATN
CDBL 03 53FA 53FA .CDBL
CINT 04 5400 5400 .CINT
COS 05 3C0E 3C0E .COS
EXP 06 3A7B 3A7B .EXP
FIX 07 3849 3849 .FIX
INT 08 3853 3853 .INT
LN 09 38C0 38C0 .LN
LOG 0A 379D 379D .LOG
PI 0B 5389 5389 .PI
RND 0C 538F 538F .RND
SGN 0D 53C0 53C0 .SGN
SIN 0E 3C15 3C15 .SIN
SQR 0F 39DE 39DE .SQR
TAN 10 3D17 3D17 .TAN
XCHG 11 53DD 53DD .XCHG
ASCII 12 5425 5425 .ASCI
CHR$ 13 5505 5505 .CHR$
HEX$ 14 5513 5513 .HEX$
INSTR 15 5434 5434 .INST
LEFT$ 16 5494 5494 .LET$
LEN 17 54FD 54FD .LEN
MID$ 18 54B6 54B6 .MID$
NUM$ 19 83A2 5556 .NUM$
RDST$ 1A 567E 567E .RDS$
RIGHT$ 1B 54A2 54A2 .RGH$
RPT$ 1C 5524 5524 .RPT$
VAL 1D 565B 565B .VAL
CALC 1E 57C3 57C3 .CALC
ERR 1F 584E 584E .ERR
ERRL 20 5855 5855 .ERRL
ERRL$ 21 585B 585B .ERR$
FRE 22 5869 5869 .FRE
INKEY$ 23 58BA 58BA .INK$
INP 24 58E9 58E9 .INP
PEEK 25 58F2 58F2 .PEEK
PEEKW 26 5919 5919 .PEKW
REG 27 53E5 53E5 .REG
TIME 28 58CD 58CD .TIME
VARPTR 29 58D3 58D3 .VPTR
VPEEK 2A 58F9 58F9 .VPEK
POS 2B 8403 .POS
RCRT 2C 8423 .RCRT
MRCRT$ 2D 872A .MRC$
RDCHR$ 2E 86F8 .RDC$
COLOR 2F 83DA .COLR
DIST 30 85F4 .DIST
DRCT 31 85D8 .DRCT
POINT 32 8431 .PONT
COINC 33 8449 .CINC
LINK 34 8694 .LINK
POST 35 86C9 .POST
SPRITE 36 866B .SPRT
STATUS 37 86BB .STTS
INKEY 38 873F .INKE
PLAY 39 8754 .PLAY
TIME$ 3A 87E4 .TME$
ASW 3B 87B6 .ASW
ICOS 3C 8792 .ICOS
INPW 3D 8814 .INPW
ISIN 3E 878D .ISIN
JOY 3F 87CB .JOY
Oddelovace a ostatni urcujici slova jazyka Basic-F a Basic-D
************************************************************
kod slovo
80 PROMENNA% B0 OR E0 ALARM
81 B1 XOR E1 KEY
82 PROMENNA# B2 E2
83 B3 E3
84 PROMENNA$ B4 E4
85 B5 E5
86 B6 E6
87 B7 E7
88 KONSTANTA% B8 E8
89 B9 E9
8A KONSTANTA# BA EA
8B BB EB
8C KONSTANTA$ BC EC
8D BD ( ED
8E BE ) EE
8F KONSTANTA& BF NOT EF
90 FN.% C0 cislo radku F0
91 C1 adresa radku F1
92 FN.# C2 navesti F2
93 C3 F3
94 FN.$ C4 TAB F4
95 C5 CURSOR F5
96 C6 F6
97 C7 F7
98 C8 ON F8
99 C9 OFF F9
9A CA TO FA
9B CB IN FB
9C CC # FC ELSE
9D CD @ FD THEN
9E CE , FE :
9F CF ; FF <CR>
A0 D0 STEP
A1 ^ D1 RECORD
A2 * D2 MODE
A3 / D3 DBL
A4 D4 STR
A5 MOD D5 GOSUB
A6 + D6 GOTO
A7 - D7 RESTORE
A8 = D8 ERROR
A9 D9 EVENT
AA < DA FOR
AB <= DB AS
AC > DC INPUT
AD >= DD OUTPUT
AE <> DE APPEND
AF AND DF ALL
Ulozeni basickych promennych
****************************
a) ciselne promenne - jednoducha promenna:
ATR + JMENO + HODNOTA
- promenna typu pole:
ATR + JMENO + DELKA + DIM + SEZNAMDIM + HODNOTA
b) retezcove promenne - jednoducha promenna:
ATR + JMENO + LENM + TEXT
- promenna typu pole:
ATR + JMENO + DELKA + DIM + SEZNAMDIM + LENM + TEXT
vysvetlivky:
============
ATR - 1 byte, vyznam:
---------------------------------------------+
bit | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 5 6 7 |
----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----------------+
0 | INT | - | - | - | bez vyznamu |
1 | - | DBL | STR | pole| |
----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----------------+
JMENO - 1 byte delka + ASCII
HODNOTA - 2 nebo 8 bytu podle typu na polozku
DELKA - 2 byte - offset na dalsi promennou
DIM - 1 byte - pocet dimenzi
SEZNAMDIM - max. rozmery dimenzi
TEXT - delka textu ( 1 byte ) + vlastni text ( ASCII )
LENM - 1 byte - offset na dalsi promennou
Cisla a adresy prikazu a funkci jazyka Basic-G a Basic-I
********************************************************
jmeno kod je v BI? jmeno kod je v BI? jmeno kod je v BI?
MID$ 41 + MOD 83 + POKE CA +
LEFT$ 42 + + 84 + VPOKE CB +
RIGHT$ 43 + - 85 + OUT CC +
RPT$ 44 + < 86 + CLS CD +
POS 45 + = 87 + MPRINT CE
LEN 46 + > 88 + PRINT CF +
VAL 47 + AND 89 + MAG D0 +
ASCII 48 + XOR 8A + CLEAR D1 +
CHR$ 49 + OR 8B + FCOL D2
NUM$ 4A + ( 8C + BCOL D3
HEX$ 4B + ) 8D + ERASE D4
LINK 4C NOT 8E + POKEW D5
SGN 4D + OUTW D6
ABS 4E + TRACE A0 + LOCATE D7
RND 4F + AUTO A1 + VSAVE D8
INP 50 + TAPE A2 + CIRCLE D9
PEEK 51 + CONT A3 + WAIT DA
VPEEK 52 + DEL A4 + SLEEP DB
PEEKW 53 LIST A5 + JOINT DC
INPW 54 RENUM A6 PMODE DD
VARPTR 55 NEW A7 + GMODE DE
INKEY$ 56 + OLD A8 + PLOT DF
COLOR 57 CHAIN A9 + MOVE E0
PLAY 58 RUN AA + GMOVE E1
TIME 59 + SAVE AB + GINIT E2
FRE 5A + VERIFY AC + PAINT E3
ERR 5B + PUSH AD GCOPY E4
ERRL 5C + POP AE DRAW E5
ERRL$ 5D + REM AF + BOX E6
JOY 5E END B0 + CONSOLE E7
RCRT 5F FOR B1 + BAR E8
TIME$ 60 NEXT B2 + SG E9
RDCHR$ 61 REPEAT B3 KEY EA
DRCT 62 UNTIL B4 OFF EB
DIST 63 RESUME B5 SKIP EC
RETL 64 IF B6 + LISTC ED
LET B7 + ELIST EE
ASW 67 GOTO B8 + ELISTC EF
INKEY 68 GOSUB B9 + ON F0
RETURN BA + ERROR F1
POST 6A READ BB + @ F2
POINT 6B RESTORE BC + ALARM F3
STATUS 6C DATA BD + ! F4
COINC 6D CALL BE + ESCRN F5
SPRITE 6E STOP BF + STEP F6 +
SIN 6F DIM C0 + IN F7 +
COS 70 INPUT C1 + THEN F8 +
XCHG 71 VIEW C2 + ELSE F9 +
MRCRT$ 72 EVENT C3 TO FA +
INSTR 73 ALARM$ C4 # FB +
CURSOR 7F + RANDOMIZE C5 + , FC +
TAB 7E + LOC C6 + ; FD +
^ 80 + STCHR C7 + : FE +
* 81 + SCOL C8 + CR FF +
/ 82 + SCOD C9 +
Options For M5
**************
DR-5: Data Recorder ( cassette tape recorder ) for M5
PT-5: 80 Character width-normal character size 160, character width-small cha-
racter size.It is a silent printer with the speed of 60 characters per second
EB-5: Extension memory box with 3 slots
EC-5: Extension memory card with 2 slots
EM-5: DRAM 32 kB. Additional memory
FD-5: 3" micro floppy disc drive. 320 kB ( both sides ).Work with system disc
and data disc
PI-5: Parallel interface ( interface between EB5 + FD5 or others )
SI-5: Serial interface ( interface between EB5 and other computers )
BASIC-I CARTRIDGE: for beginners
BASIC-G CARTRIDGE: High graphic capability with 16 different colours and high
synthesizer music capability, with 6 octaves and intermediary tones. 3 tone
chord available
BASIC-F CARTRIDGE: With high arithmetic and graphics capability
FALC CARTRIDGE: Spreadsheet programme just 10 commands to control
GAME CARTRIDGE: 12 games to choose.
GRC1 Tank Battalion
GRC2 Step Up
GRC3 Guttang Cottong
GRC4 Heavy Boxing
GRC5 Super Cobra
GRC6 Real Tennis
GRC7 Poo Yan
GRC8 Word Maze
GRC9 Wonder Hole
GRC10 Up Up Balloon
GRC/B1 Fruit Search
GRC/B2 Dragon Attack
LANGUAGE EDUCATION PROGRAMME: ( Cassette tape ) Designed for 8-10 year old
students. Domestic and foreign languages available
P. EDITOR: ( Cassette tape ) Cassette tape for drawings
BASIC G DEMO: ( Cassette tape ) Demonstration programme for BASIC G
GAMES CASSETTES: 8 cassette tapes to choose ( each cassette tape has 2 games )
GCT1 Snaky / Barrier Attack
GCT2 Jogging / Side Winder
GCT3 Solitaire / Tower Of Hanoi
GCT4 Three Circles / Number Search
GCT5 Black Jack / Slot Machine
GCT6 Mini Star Trek / Last Day Of The Earth
GCT7 Biorhythm Diagnosis / Music Tone
GCT8 Cowboy / Barricade
GCT11 Baseball / Zac Banic
TV Adjust
TV-5: Colour T.V. ( for G PAL )
JP-5: Joy pads for games. Note: Game may also be played using M5 keyboard only
CA-5: Travel case
MANUALS: ( in English )
M5 Users Guide, M5 Basic I Manual, M5 Basic G Manual, M5 Basic F Manual
M5 Falc Manual, M5 Personal Manual, M5 Creative Manual, M5 Monitor Handling
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Podle ruznych materialu a
na zaklade vlastnich zku-
senosti sestavil a napsal
LZR Soft. V Kladne 1991.
Vydani prvni,pocet vytisku
dle potreby. Vytisteno na
tiskarne LA120 firmy DEC.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Původní verze příručky
Původní podoba příručky: HEAP.SM5 (68KB, plain text including escape sequences for the LA120 DECWriter III) od LZR Soft.
Translated version of Handbook: HEAP_ENG.SM5 (67KB, plain text including escape sequences for the LA120 DECWriter III) from LZR Soft /translation: Henrich Raduška/.
